Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3241-3252

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-01

Exploring the Freshwater Cladocera (Pleuroxus spp.) as New Potential Live Feed in Aquaculture

(Meneroka Cladocera Air Tawar (Pleuroxus spp.) sebagai Suapan Hidup Berpotensi Baharu dalam Akuakultur)

AMIRAH YUSLAN¹, HIDAYU SUHAIMI¹, NIZALMIE AZANI¹, WEY-LIM WONG^2,3 & NADIAH W. RASDI^1,4*

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia

³Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

⁴Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 2 Januari 2024/Diterima: 30 Ogos 2024

Abstract

In freshwater lakes, cladocera play a crucial role in the food chain, as they are the primary source of nutrition for nearly all aquatic species. Pleuroxus spp. are very suitable for aquaculture due to their ease of handling, rapid growth, non-selective filter feeder, high nutritional value, and remarkable ability to adapt to many environmental conditions. Silver barbs are in high demand in the aquaculture business due to their excellent flavours and rapid development rate. In this study, Pleuroxus spp. was cultured in a control condition with water quality maintained at the room temperature of 26 ± 1 °C and pH of 7.0 ± 0.5. Five treatments of Pleuroxus spp. were prepared, which comprised of T1 (control) = unfed, T2 = coffee grounds, T3 = corn flour, T4 = wheat flour, and T5 = sugarcane waste. Pleuroxus spp. were fed with a selected diet solutions at a concentration of 0.5 g/L daily. The result shows that Pleuroxus spp. given T3 (24.88 ± 5.48 ind/mL) had a greater population density than T4 (22.13 ± 4.83 ind/mL), T2 (21.06 ± 5.27 ind/mL), and T5 (20.56 ± 4.92 ind/mL) dietary treatments. Pleuroxus spp. given T3 had the greatest survival rate (97.9 ± 9.8%) when compared to other diets, T4 (86.81 ± 19.07%), T2 (82.71 ± 16.56%), and T5 (75.00 ± 21.08%). Silver barb showed the highest amount of daily weight gain in treatment T3 (0.11 ± 0.001 mg/days; p < 0.05) compared with other dietary treatments. The maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (%) was achieved when fed with T3 (13.37 ± 0.02%; p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was shown to be significantly different (p < 0.05). The FCR of larvae fed with different nutritional treatments ranged from 1.22 to 4.12, depending on the treatment. In comparison to other diets, the T3 treatment (1.22 ± 0.03) achieved the highest FCR ratio. In short, pre-feeding of zooplankton with prospective diets has built a baseline of improved aquaculture feeding procedures that may be employed in the future aquaculture businesses.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Cladocera; enrichment; life history parameter; survival rate

Abstrak

Di tasik air tawar, cladocera memainkan peranan penting dalam rantaian makanan, kerana ia merupakan sumber pemakanan utama untuk hampir semua spesies akuatik. Pleuroxus spp. sangat sesuai untuk akuakultur kerana ia mudah dikendalikan, tumbesaran pesat, pemakan penapis tidak selektif, nilai nutrisi yang tinggi serta keupayaan luar biasa untuk menyesuaikan diri dalam banyak keadaan persekitaran. Lampan jawa mendapat permintaan tinggi dalam perniagaan akuakultur kerana rasa yang sangat baik dan kadar tumbesaran yang pesat. Dalam kajian ini, Pleuroxus spp. dibiakkan dalam keadaan terkawal dengan kualiti air dikekalkan pada suhu bilik 26 ± 1 °C dan pH 7.0 ± 0.5. Lima rawatan Pleuroxus spp. telah disediakan, yang terdiri daripada T1 (kawalan) = tidak diberi makan, T2 = serbuk kopi, T3 = tepung jagung, T4 = tepung gandum dan T5 = sisa tebu. Pleuroxus spp. diberi makan dengan larutan diet terpilih pada kepekatan 0.5 g/L setiap hari. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa Pleuroxus spp. diberi T3 (24.88 ± 5.48 ind/mL) mempunyai kepadatan populasi yang lebih besar daripada rawatan pemakanan T4 (22.13 ± 4.83 ind/mL), T2 (21.06 ± 5.27 ind/mL) dan T5 (20.56 ± 4.92 ind/mL). Pleuroxus spp. diberikan T3 mempunyai kadar kemandirian hidup yang paling tinggi (97.9 ± 9.8%) jika dibandingkan dengan diet lain, T4 (86.81 ± 19.07%), T2 (82.71 ± 16.56%) dan T5 (75.00 ± 21.08%). Lampan jawa menunjukkan jumlah pertambahan berat harian tertinggi dengan rawatan T3 (0.11 ± 0.001 mg/hari; p < 0.05) berbanding rawatan diet lain. Kadar tumbesaran khusus maksimum (SGR) (%) dicapai apabila diberi T3 (13.37 ± 0.02%; p < 0.05). Nisbah penukaran suapan (FCR) ditunjukkan berbeza dengan ketara (p < 0.05). FCR larva yang diberi makan dengan rawatan pemakanan yang berbeza adalah antara 1.22 hingga 4.12, bergantung kepada rawatan. Berbanding dengan diet lain, rawatan T3 (1.22 ± 0.03) mencapai nisbah FCR tertinggi. Secara ringkasnya, pra-pemakanan zooplankton dengan diet prospektif telah membina garis asas prosedur pemakanan akuakultur yang lebih baik yang mungkin digunakan dalam perniagaan akuakultur pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Akuakultur; Cladocera; kadar kemandirian; pengayaan; parameter sejarah hidup

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nadiah.rasdi@umt.edu.my